| Summary: | Transport infrastructure such as road networks was imprinted as a significant contributor to the sustainability Triple Bottom Line. Road networks cover millions of kilometers globally and are identified as the most common traveling options. However, due to its sensitivity to climatic conditions, it has progressively contributed to road asset deterioration. Therefore, road Operation and Maintenance (O&M) is performed to ensure satisfactory road functions and perform its intended design. From the O&M perspective, balancing of road damages from climate change and the rehabilitation work’s impact can be accomplished by sustainability assessment in a road rating system. Presently, the O&M phase is refuted and not featured by numerous international green rating systems. The study aims to supplement the pHJKR (Road) rating system with the O&M index indicator, aiming to limit road damages. This paper highlighted research methods, including pilot study, comparative review, focus group discussion, carbon emission survey, and expert validation. Results from the study identified an improvement is required for pHJKR (Road) due to the inadequacy of O&M criteria and carbon criteria. As a result, a new green road rating system for the O&M phase is proposed to allow the criteria responsive to road damages reduction; thus, the risks can be predicted by the green assessment beforehand. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
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