Riboflavin as a promising antimicrobial agent? A multi-perspective review

Riboflavin, or more commonly known as vitamin B2, forms part of the component of vitamin B complex. Riboflavin consisting of two important cofactors, flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), which are involved in multiple oxidative-reduction processes and energy metabolism....

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Published in:Current Research in Microbial Sciences
Main Author: Farah N.; Chin V.K.; Chong P.P.; Lim W.F.; Lim C.W.; Basir R.; Chang S.K.; Lee T.Y.
Format: Review
Language:English
Published: Elsevier Ltd 2022
Online Access:https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85124466061&doi=10.1016%2fj.crmicr.2022.100111&partnerID=40&md5=ce1f9f72d5c5955ac2b1526397a5466f
id 2-s2.0-85124466061
spelling 2-s2.0-85124466061
Farah N.; Chin V.K.; Chong P.P.; Lim W.F.; Lim C.W.; Basir R.; Chang S.K.; Lee T.Y.
Riboflavin as a promising antimicrobial agent? A multi-perspective review
2022
Current Research in Microbial Sciences
3

10.1016/j.crmicr.2022.100111
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85124466061&doi=10.1016%2fj.crmicr.2022.100111&partnerID=40&md5=ce1f9f72d5c5955ac2b1526397a5466f
Riboflavin, or more commonly known as vitamin B2, forms part of the component of vitamin B complex. Riboflavin consisting of two important cofactors, flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), which are involved in multiple oxidative-reduction processes and energy metabolism. Besides maintaining human health, different sources reported that riboflavin can inhibit or inactivate the growth of different pathogens including bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites, highlighting the possible role of riboflavin as an antimicrobial agent. Moreover, riboflavin and flavins could produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) when exposed to light, inducing oxidative damage in cells and tissues, and thus are excellent natural photosensitizers. Several studies have illustrated the therapeutic efficacy of photoactivated riboflavin against nosocomial infections and multidrug resistant bacterial infections as well as microbial associated biofilm infections, revealing the potential role of riboflavin as a promising antimicrobial candidate, which could serve as one of the alternatives in fighting the global crisis of the emergence of antimicrobial resistance seen in different pathogenic microbes. Riboflavin could also be involved in modulating host immune responses, which might increase the pathogen clearance from host cells and increase host defense against microbial infections. Thus, the dual effects of riboflavin on both pathogens and host immunity, reflected by its potent bactericidal effect and alleviation of inflammation in host cells further imply that riboflavin could be a potential candidate for therapeutic intervention in resolving microbial infections. Hence, this review aimed to provide some insights on the promising role of riboflavin as an antimicrobial candidate and also a host immune-modulator from a multi-perspective view as well as to discuss the application and challenges on using riboflavin in photodynamic therapy against various pathogens and microbial biofilm-associated infections. © 2022 The Author(s)
Elsevier Ltd
26665174
English
Review
All Open Access; Gold Open Access
author Farah N.; Chin V.K.; Chong P.P.; Lim W.F.; Lim C.W.; Basir R.; Chang S.K.; Lee T.Y.
spellingShingle Farah N.; Chin V.K.; Chong P.P.; Lim W.F.; Lim C.W.; Basir R.; Chang S.K.; Lee T.Y.
Riboflavin as a promising antimicrobial agent? A multi-perspective review
author_facet Farah N.; Chin V.K.; Chong P.P.; Lim W.F.; Lim C.W.; Basir R.; Chang S.K.; Lee T.Y.
author_sort Farah N.; Chin V.K.; Chong P.P.; Lim W.F.; Lim C.W.; Basir R.; Chang S.K.; Lee T.Y.
title Riboflavin as a promising antimicrobial agent? A multi-perspective review
title_short Riboflavin as a promising antimicrobial agent? A multi-perspective review
title_full Riboflavin as a promising antimicrobial agent? A multi-perspective review
title_fullStr Riboflavin as a promising antimicrobial agent? A multi-perspective review
title_full_unstemmed Riboflavin as a promising antimicrobial agent? A multi-perspective review
title_sort Riboflavin as a promising antimicrobial agent? A multi-perspective review
publishDate 2022
container_title Current Research in Microbial Sciences
container_volume 3
container_issue
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.crmicr.2022.100111
url https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85124466061&doi=10.1016%2fj.crmicr.2022.100111&partnerID=40&md5=ce1f9f72d5c5955ac2b1526397a5466f
description Riboflavin, or more commonly known as vitamin B2, forms part of the component of vitamin B complex. Riboflavin consisting of two important cofactors, flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), which are involved in multiple oxidative-reduction processes and energy metabolism. Besides maintaining human health, different sources reported that riboflavin can inhibit or inactivate the growth of different pathogens including bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites, highlighting the possible role of riboflavin as an antimicrobial agent. Moreover, riboflavin and flavins could produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) when exposed to light, inducing oxidative damage in cells and tissues, and thus are excellent natural photosensitizers. Several studies have illustrated the therapeutic efficacy of photoactivated riboflavin against nosocomial infections and multidrug resistant bacterial infections as well as microbial associated biofilm infections, revealing the potential role of riboflavin as a promising antimicrobial candidate, which could serve as one of the alternatives in fighting the global crisis of the emergence of antimicrobial resistance seen in different pathogenic microbes. Riboflavin could also be involved in modulating host immune responses, which might increase the pathogen clearance from host cells and increase host defense against microbial infections. Thus, the dual effects of riboflavin on both pathogens and host immunity, reflected by its potent bactericidal effect and alleviation of inflammation in host cells further imply that riboflavin could be a potential candidate for therapeutic intervention in resolving microbial infections. Hence, this review aimed to provide some insights on the promising role of riboflavin as an antimicrobial candidate and also a host immune-modulator from a multi-perspective view as well as to discuss the application and challenges on using riboflavin in photodynamic therapy against various pathogens and microbial biofilm-associated infections. © 2022 The Author(s)
publisher Elsevier Ltd
issn 26665174
language English
format Review
accesstype All Open Access; Gold Open Access
record_format scopus
collection Scopus
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