Different TiO2 Phases (Degussa/Anatase) Modified Cross-Linked Chitosan Composite for the Removal of Reactive Red 4 Dye: Box–Behnken Design

• Published in: Journal of Polymers and the Environment
• Main Author: Abdulhameed A.S.; Jawad A.H.; Vigneshwaran S.; ALOthman Z.A.; Yaseen Z.M.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Springer 2022
• Online Access: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85137793657&doi=10.1007%2fs10924-022-02568-1&partnerID=40&md5=fada50fb920560c6bc8a35d1f0a7551f

The present work targets to develop the cross-linked chitosan composite with different TiO2 phases (Degussa/Anatase) to attain two adsorbents namely cross-linked chitosan-epichlorohydrin/TiO2-Degussa (CS-ECH/TiO2-D) and cross-linked chitosan-epichlorohydrin/TiO2-Anatase (CS-ECH/TiO2-A). The physicochemical characteristics including crystalline nature, specific surface area, functional groups, surface morphology, and thermal stability of the prepared composites were identified by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and thermogravimetric and derivative thermogravimetric analyses (TGA-DTG), respectively. Response surface methodology combined with Box–Behnken design (RSM-BBD) was used to explore multivariate modeling and optimization of reactive red 4 (RR4) dye removal on CS-ECH/TiO2-D and CS-ECH/TiO2-A based on the related factors including A: adsorbent dose (0.5–1.5 g/100 mL), B: pH (4–10), and C: time (30–90 min). RR4 dye removal was 94.6 and 87.5% for CS-ECH/TiO2-D and CS-ECH/TiO2-A, respectively. The adsorption of RR4 molecules on the surface of CS-ECH/TiO2-(D/A) was constructed by many interactions e.g. electrostatic forces, n−π stacking, and H-bonding. The findings revealed that the biomaterials developed could be viable and convenient potential adsorbents for capturing azo dyes from polluted effluents. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.