| Summary: | In modern green and sustainable chemistry, regenerative cellulose (RC) plays an increasingly critical role in science and engineering, including electronics and biomedical applications such as tissue engineering, drug delivery, and biosensing with its high biocompatibility and biodegradability, less toxicity, and high mechanical strength. RC can be surface modified through hydroxyl groups using ligands, polymers, metal nanoparticles, and carbon-based nanomaterials to highly chemical active and sophisticated materials for various biomedical applications. The surface-modified RC confers excellent chemical, electrical, optical, and mechanical properties that can selectively bind to the target biomolecules and cellular environments easily. This chapter reviews RC surface modification methods by using organic and inorganic nanomaterials for biomedical applications. Furthermore, this review summarizes the recent advances in adopting polymers and inorganic materials capable of functionalizing the RC surfaces and the effects of the guest molecule—RC composites in tissue engineering, biosensing, and wound dressing applications. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the consistent improvement of functionalized RC and RC composites for highly sophisticated biomedical applications. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
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