| Summary: | Well-graded bottom ash exhibited an improvement on mechanical and thermal properties of high-strength concrete as a fine aggregate replacement in concrete. The well-graded coal bottom ash was used by 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% in a set of six concrete samples trial mix designs including normal mix. Existence of bottom ash affected the workability for high-strength concrete where the workability reduced as the well-graded bottom ash percentages increase in concrete. Other than that, the compressive strength test of high-strength concrete also showed an improvement with the optimum variable at 50% bottom ash replacement. Besides, by increasing the well-graded bottom ash, the thermal conductivity on high-strength concrete was reduced. Lastly, well-graded bottom ash was one of the best replacements for fine aggregate in improving the mechanical and thermal properties of high-strength concrete. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
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