| 总结: | The management of landscape planning projects necessitates a high level of intuition due to their dynamic nature, complexity, and vast context; for this reason, risk management should be incorporated into project management as a unified process. Insufficient evaluations of the integration of risk procedures in landscape planning projects necessitate the development of an integration concept that will allow project practitioners to apply it effectively. This study aims to develop a conceptual framework integrating the risk process into the project lifecycle for the practitioner's benefit in practising the risk process effectively. A literature review is conducted to evaluate the idea, identify a concept incorporating the risk process into the project lifecycle, and formulate the conceptual framework. The concept suggests three risk process aspects for effective integration: completeness, process activity planning, and process activity flow. To improve risk management practices and achieve national sustainable landscape planning, a conceptual framework helps the project to manage project risks as planned, complete, and timely activities specified. © 2024, University of Malaya. All rights reserved.
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