RECOVERY OF LOW CONCENTRATION OF TIN FROM SYNTHETIC WASTEWATER BY USING AN ELECTROGENERATIVE PROCESS; [(Pemulihan Timah Berkepekatan Rendah daripada Air Sisa Sintetik dengan Menggunakan Proses Elektrogeneratif)]

• Published in: Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences
• Main Author: Azhari M.H.A.M.; Nizar S.A.; Yaacob S.F.F.S.; Latip A.F.A.; Hanafiah M.A.K.M.; Suah F.B.M.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Malaysian Society of Analytical Sciences 2024
• Online Access: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85216225425&partnerID=40&md5=d9f2d5861ef8cf8a7ac40eef8f1f4626

The existence of tin can be toxic and pose significant environmental and health risks if not adequately treated or recovered from water and wastewater before its discharge. One of the electrochemical methods to recover the tin from the aqueous environment is using an electrogenerative process. In this process, a chemical reaction occurred spontaneously in a galvanic cell where the reduction of tin occurred at the cathode and oxidation of zinc occurred at the anode without an external supply of energy. This study employed carbon felt and zinc as electrodes in a batch cell set-up to recover tin (Sn (II)) from its chloride solution. The electrogenerative recovery of tin was optimised with a specific focus on main parameters such as treatment of electrodes, tin initial concentration, deposition time, pH and influence of oxygen. The morphology and composition of the treated electrodes were analysed, too. The finding showed an initial Sn (II) concentration of 50 mg/L was the ideal concentration for recovering more than 96% of tin after 4 hours of operation. The influence of pH was also studied, showing that the optimum deposition process occurred at pH 7. A scanning electron microscopy energy-dispersive X-ray analysis system (SEM-EDX) was also used to observe the morphology of the deposited tin. It is confirmed that Sn (II) has been successfully deposited by the cathodic reduction of Sn (II) ions. Lastly, the electrogenerative process was also used to recover tin from wastewater samples, and satisfactory results of more than 80% recovery were obtained. © 2024, Malaysian Society of Analytical Sciences. All rights reserved.