| Summary: | The presence of dyes in textile effluents can have a negative impact on the ecosystem if they enter the aquatic environment. In this study, the use of empty fruit bunches (EFBs) based on spent mushroom compost (SMC) as a cost-effective adsorbent for wastewater treatment is tested. The adsorption capacity of SMC towards the azo dyes Congo red, Remazol brilliant blue, and Tartrazine yellow was determined. In addition, the FPase, CMCase, and xylanase activities of SMC were measured using enzyme assays. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and physical and compositional analysis of SMC were performed using a standard method. Adsorption experiments were performed with fixed parameters: 0.6g SMC dosage, 100mg/L dye concentration, and a 60-min incubation time at pH 5.0. Congo red achieved the highest adsorption capacity and percentage of dye removal, 5.584mg/g and 67.01%, respectively, at the selected optimal parameters. Xylanase activity showed the highest value of 1.23U/mL, followed by CMCase (0.09 U/mL) and Fpase (0.05U/mL). Enzymatic decolorization of Congo red with SMC extracts was highest at 120minutes (69.25%). The results suggest that SMC is a potential adsorbent for the solution CR due to its richness in functional groups and that the lignocellulolytic enzymes are responsible for the ability of dye decolorization. © 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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