Investigating the Effect of Electric Vehicle (EV) in the Protection Distribution System

• Published in: 2024 IEEE 22nd Student Conference on Research and Development, SCOReD 2024
• Main Author: 2-s2.0-85219539997
• Format: Conference paper
• Language: English
• Published: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. 2024
• Online Access: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85219539997&doi=10.1109%2fSCOReD64708.2024.10872681&partnerID=40&md5=6df08c9e3a089375ba1888351e1d75a9

The rapid growth of electric vehicles (EVs) marks a transformative shift in global transportation, driven by the demand for sustainable and environmentally friendly solutions. This study examines the impact of EV integration on protection mechanisms within power distribution systems, specifically focusing on the incorporation of EV charging stations (EVCS). A detailed electrical distribution system model, including EVCS, was developed using Matlab/Simulink. The primary protection device analyzed in this study is the directional overcurrent relay, which detects faults based on two criteria: direction (forward or reverse) and overcurrent. Fault direction is determined by analyzing the phase angle between current and voltage, with the relay torque indicating whether the fault is in the forward or reverse direction. Overcurrent is identified by comparing the current magnitude with the relay's preset pickup current. The findings show that EV integration has a measurable but minimal impact on the performance of protection devices at low penetration levels. These results offer valuable insights into the design, operation, and protection of modern distribution systems, paving the way for more resilient and adaptable power grids to support the growing adoption of electric mobility. © 2024 IEEE.